Hypertension
What is Hypertension?
Diabetes is a condition that occurs when your blood sugar (glucose) levels are too high. This happens when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, produces none at all, or when the body doesn’t respond properly to insulin. Diabetes can affect people of any age. Most types of diabetes are chronic and require lifelong management, but all forms can be controlled with medication and/or lifestyle changes.
Glucose, which comes primarily from the carbohydrates in your food and drinks, is the body’s main source of energy. Your blood transports glucose to all of your body’s cells for energy use.
Types of Hypertension:
Primary (Essential) Hypertension:
- This is the most common type of high blood pressure, and it develops gradually over many years. It typically has no identifiable cause but is influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors (e.g., poor diet, lack of exercise, or stress).
Secondary Hypertension:
- This type occurs due to an underlying medical condition or the use of certain medications. Conditions that can cause secondary hypertension include kidney disease, hormonal disorders (like thyroid problems or adrenal gland disorders), and certain medications like birth control pills or decongestants.
Risk Factors for Hypertension:
- Age: Blood pressure tends to increase with age.
- Family History: Genetics can play a role in developing hypertension.
- Obesity: Excess weight increases the risk of high blood pressure.
- Diet: Diets high in sodium (salt) and low in potassium can contribute to hypertension.
- Physical Inactivity: Lack of regular exercise can lead to higher blood pressure.
- Smoking and Alcohol: Smoking damages blood vessels, and excessive alcohol use can raise blood pressure.
- Stress: Chronic stress may contribute to high blood pressure.
- Chronic Conditions: Conditions like diabetes, kidney disease, and sleep apnea are linked to hypertension.
Symptoms of Hypertension:
Hypertension is often called the “silent killer” because it usually doesn’t cause noticeable symptoms until it has caused significant damage to the body. However, in severe cases or hypertensive crises, symptoms may include:
- Severe headaches
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Nosebleeds
- Blurred vision
- Dizziness